Hugh Gaitskell was leader of the Labour Party between 1955-63. The Cold War
was at a critical level and bi-partisanship in international affairs was expected.
With Gaitskell's accession this appeared to end, marked in particular by the
disputes over Suez, the independent nuclear deterrent and Britain's application to
join the European Economic Community. Simultaneously, he was challenged by
the Left over nearly every aspect of Labour's foreign and defence policy. Despite
these major controversies, Gaitskell's influence over international affairs remains a
neglected area of research, and he is remembered more for the domestic
controversies over nationalisation, his ill-fated attempt to revise Clause IV and
defeat at the 1960 Scarborough conference.
This thesis addresses that imbalance by examining Gaitskell's contribution to
foreign affairs and the following inter-related areas: bi-partisanship; policy
formulation; internal divisions and the power struggle between Left and Right. In
addition, it also considers how the structure of the Labour Party benefited the
leadership during this turbulent period.
The conclusions revise Gaitskell's reputation as a figure of unyielding principle,
and demonstrates that his leadership was marked by a mixture of finesse and
blunder. His responsibility for the end of bi-partisanship can be discounted, as
Labour remained firmly committed to the policies laid down and followed since
1945. Yet, the personal control over policy that he exercised, allied to his
determination to mould the Labour Party in his own image, needlessly accelerated
the internal struggles for power. While the Scarborough defeat illustrates the
limitations of his authority, Suez and Europe display his acute political awareness
of the requirements needed to balance national interests, electoral prospects and
maintain party unity.
Date of Award | 1996 |
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Original language | English |
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Awarding Institution | |
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Hugh Gaitskell, the Labour Party and foreign affairs 1955-63
Rippingale, S. (Author). 1996
Student thesis: PhD