This thesis investigates three hypotheses in relation to the cognitive explanation of normal and
problematic gambling behaviour. The "strong cognitive hypothesis" takes the view that if
cognitive processes alone account for different levels of play, then the order of the events
experienced during a task may be a good predictor of the levels of play. Four large scale
experiments are presented focusing on the Illusion of Control, particularly the order effects
originally observed by Langer and Roth (1975). Drawing on Hogarth and Einhom's (1992)
belief adjustment model an adjusted methodology is employed making the paradigm resemble
the real gambling decision making task more closely. The results of the Illusion of Control
experiments suggest that the strong cognitive hypothesis can account for gambling in general,
but there is no consistent support in favour of its role in explaining differential levels of play.
Three questiormaire studies are then presented investigating the two alternative hypotheses
assessed in this thesis. The "weak cognitive hypothesis" stipulates that an additional individual
differences element is necessary to supplement the strong cognitive hypothesis in order to
explain differential levels of gambling behaviour. Individual differences in the level of
everyday general dissociation, the enjoyment and engagement in two forms of processing
(Rational or Experiential, Epstein 1990), and in the extent to which heuristics and biases are
used when making decisions are investigated. Factor analysis for the heuristics and biases
investigation, particularly in relation to the understanding of the principle of randomness,
reveals some evidence for the weak cogmtive hypothesis. Strongest evidence emerges in
relation to the "integrative hypothesis" which stipulates that cognitive factors and processes are
only important in relation to and interaction with other variables. The questioimaire studies
investigate the role of erroneous beliefs and their relationship with the dissociation experienced
within the gambling task. Using Structural Equation Modelling techniques, the results lead
towards the generation of a new model of differential levels of gambling and the causal links
between these variables and the loss of control are discussed.
Date of Award | 2000 |
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Original language | English |
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Awarding Institution | |
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COGNITIVE APPROACHES TO THE EXPLANATION OF GAMBLING BEHAVIOUR: AN EVALUATION
LAURIE, A. D. (Author). 2000
Student thesis: PhD