What the Marine Strategy Framework Directive did and did not change for Chondrichthyes

The Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) is a European Union (EU) law aiming to achieve Good Environmental Status (GES) in all EU waters, which includes, inter alia, marine biodiversity (Descriptor 1) and commercially fished species (Descriptor 3). Chondrichthyes may be considered under both descriptors. This study presents detailed insights into how the 22 coastal EU Member States (MS) have considered these species under the MSFD and provides recommendations to address gaps and further management and conservation efforts for these species. The review of national and EU-level reports showed a varied integration and consideration of Chondrichthyes in national efforts to reach GES and fulfil obligations in relation to the conservation and management of these species under the MSFD. Across the 168 chondrichthyan species occurring in EU marine waters, 61 have been integrated under either or both descriptors and only 39 species were assessed for GES across the EU, with both positive and negative outcomes. However, the reliance of EU MS on existing programmes for monitoring does hinder effective data collection for Chondrichthyes, leaving substantial data gaps regarding the assessment of species status, habitat conditions, ecology, and distribution. These gaps are furthered by a fragmented approach that could be addressed through better regional cooperation and collaboration, as required by the Directive.