Abstract
A questionnaire was designed to obtain information about factors affecting vitamin D status in Middle Eastern people living in the UK. A total of 242 questionnaires were returned out of 350 distributed. A total of 85% of the sample was estimated to have a low vitamin D intake (< 5 μg/d). Other risk factors for vitamin D insufficiency included covering skin from sunlight (62% men and 84% women); low use of vitamin D containing supplements (18.5%) and being overweight or obese (49% men and 44% women). Vitamin D intake was lowest in the Kurdish ethnic group (2.18 μg/d) and in those with primary (1.83 μg/d) and secondary school (2.14 μg/d) level education compared to higher education (3.0-3.59 μg/d). Vitamin D intake was highest in those aged 40-49 years (4.0 μg/d), those born in the Levant (4.29 μg/d), and in those who were obese (3.60 μg/d).
Original language | English |
---|---|
Pages (from-to) | 191-202 |
Number of pages | 0 |
Journal | Ecol Food Nutr |
Volume | 52 |
Issue number | 3 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 2013 |
Keywords
- Adult
- Age Factors
- Aged
- Clothing
- Culture
- Dietary Supplements
- Educational Status
- Ethnicity
- Female
- Health Surveys
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Middle East
- Obesity
- Prevalence
- Risk Factors
- Sex Factors
- Skin
- Sunlight
- Surveys and Questionnaires
- United Kingdom
- Vitamin D
- Vitamin D Deficiency
- Young Adult