Vicarious Trauma: The psychological impact on counsellors and psychotherapists working with survivors of sexual abuse.

Background: Vicarious trauma (VT), the psychological distress that occurs from exposure to the trauma of others, is prevalent among therapists, but has not previously been explored in those working specifically with survivors of sexual trauma. This qualitative study explores counsellors‘ and psychotherapists‘ experiences of VT when working with survivors of sexual abuse. Method: Semi-structured interviews uncovered complex emotional and psychological impacts, highlighting how exposure to traumatic sexual abuse narratives can affect counsellors‘ and psychotherapists‘ wellbeing, and professional and personal identity. A reflexive thematic analysis was conducted. Results: Four key themes were identified. (1) The Impact of VT reveals the emotional toll, including symptoms akin to PTSD, emotional exhaustion, and shifts in worldview. (2) The Wounded Healer theme reflects how counsellors‘ and psychotherapists‘ personal histories and vulnerabilities intersect with their professional roles and personal lives, sometimes increasing susceptibility to VT, but also deepening empathy, and having a reparative effect on the counsellor or psychotherapist. (3) Protective Strategies outlines the coping mechanisms employed, such as supervision, emotional and physical self-care, and boundary-setting, which help mitigate the effects of VT. (4) Finally, Positive and Meaningful Outcomes captures the transformative aspects of working with survivors, including personal growth, strengthened resilience, and a deepened sense of purpose. Conclusions: This study contributes to the understanding of VT in therapeutic sexual abuse contexts and underscores the importance of systemic support and reflective practice in safeguarding counsellors‘ and psychotherapists‘ mental health. It also highlights the potential for growth and meaning-making for counsellors and psychotherapists within trauma-informed work.