TY - JOUR
T1 - The microbiomes of wildlife and chemical pollution
T2 - Status, knowledge gaps and challenges
AU - Handy, R. D.
AU - Clark, N. J.
AU - Hutt, L. P.
AU - Bescós, R.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Authors
PY - 2023/12
Y1 - 2023/12
N2 - The effect of chemical pollution on the microbiomes of wildlife has been given little attention. A new concept is emerging where microbiomes are vital to host animal or plant health, and for ecosystems. Data are mainly on mammals, birds, and fish. Changing environmental conditions (e.g., salinity, pH, season) and exposure to chemicals alter the composition of gill, gut and skin microbiomes. Gut microbiomes are also modulated by diet, and exposure to chemicals including metals, nanomaterials, fungicides or microplastics. However, a change in the microbiome does not necessarily infer adverse effects on the host, with some evidence of co-adaptation. Environmental risk assessment for biocides and new nanomaterials should be revisited in context with microbiome-host interactions to better protect wildlife and ecosystems.
AB - The effect of chemical pollution on the microbiomes of wildlife has been given little attention. A new concept is emerging where microbiomes are vital to host animal or plant health, and for ecosystems. Data are mainly on mammals, birds, and fish. Changing environmental conditions (e.g., salinity, pH, season) and exposure to chemicals alter the composition of gill, gut and skin microbiomes. Gut microbiomes are also modulated by diet, and exposure to chemicals including metals, nanomaterials, fungicides or microplastics. However, a change in the microbiome does not necessarily infer adverse effects on the host, with some evidence of co-adaptation. Environmental risk assessment for biocides and new nanomaterials should be revisited in context with microbiome-host interactions to better protect wildlife and ecosystems.
KW - Animal health
KW - Biocides
KW - Ecotoxicology
KW - Gut flora
KW - Nanomaterials
KW - Nutrition
KW - Plants
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85169780268&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - https://pearl.plymouth.ac.uk/context/bms-research/article/2091/viewcontent/1_s2.0_S2468202023000438_main.pdf
U2 - 10.1016/j.cotox.2023.100428
DO - 10.1016/j.cotox.2023.100428
M3 - Review article
SN - 2468-2020
VL - 36
JO - Current Opinion in Toxicology
JF - Current Opinion in Toxicology
IS - 0
M1 - 100428
ER -