Security in Blockchain-Based Smart Cyber-Physical Applications Relying on Wireless Sensor and Actuators Networks

Mentoring and stakeholders’ assessment are easier with business sector monitoring and remediation solutions. They also risk computer hacking for stakeholders. The “general intelligent blockchain CS CPS” (GIBCS-CPS) uses participants’ resources, including reliable information, multimedia coordination, records retrieval, possible remote decision-making and control, IoT integration, big data, and protocols to prevent record leaks. By pooling resources on demand, cloud and fog computing make blockchain adaptable and cost-effective, but it increases security threats. Improved blockchain-based CPSs enable continuous attack surface evaluation in cloud/fog scenarios. Dynamic defenders get a tactical advantage over threats. Standard security evaluation methodologies become unstable when measuring architecture efficacy, especially when combining multiple ICT parts and techniques. Thus, there are no conventional methods to quantify such frameworks’ effectiveness. Hierarchical architecture also lets you evaluate each network layer separately. The GIBCS-CPS explains how blockchain CS features, vulnerabilities, and other caveats relate. Cybersecurity and blockchain research prospects are also discussed. The GIBCS-CPS strengthens all generic business sector control, surveillance, and systemic component rehabilitation aspects. It protects stakeholders’ privacy by integrating many security modules to safeguard the “general CPS ontology” (GCPSO) if employing blockchain technology.