People with Intellectual Disabilities, Dysphagia and Post-Covid Syndrome

Lance Watkins, Amit Kulkarni, Emma Webber, Paul Bassett, Kirsten Lamb, Indermeet Sawhney, Richard Laugharne, Pauline Heslop, Angela Jones, Geraldine Napier, Angela Crocker, Manoj Sivan, Rohit Shankar*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

People with Intellectual Disability (ID) were more likely to contract COVID-19 infection and more likely to die from the consequences. However, there is no evidence on the long-term impact of COVID-19 infection in people with ID. Post-Covid Syndrome (PCS) is an established diagnosis that requires specialist clinical support. To date there is no data on how common PCS is in people with ID, or how symptoms present. Dysphagia is identified as a clinical marker because of the known association with PCS, and the clear objective diagnostic criteria applicable through specialist assessment. This investigation presents a cohort of people with ID, who developed dysphagia/worsening of dysphagia post diagnosis with COVID-19. Cases were identified through support from the Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists. Data was collected by electronic survey, including application of the COVID-19 Yorkshire Rehabilitation Scale-modified (C19-YRSm). The C19-YRSm is a validated assessment tool for PCS and it’s impact upon functional disability. This case series identifies that symptoms consistent with PCS are present in people with ID, post-COVID-19 infection. The risk of diagnostic overshadowing or misdiagnosis is high due to the subjective nature and the quality of PCS symptoms. People with ID who develop PCS may not be readily identified by clinical services and therefore not be accessing the specialist medical support required. Furthermore, changes in behaviour secondary to PCS may lead to unnecessary increased prescribing of psychotropic medication which in itself risks worsening dysphagia. Dysphagia could be an important bellwether to identify PCS in people with ID.

Original languageEnglish
JournalDysphagia
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 18 Mar 2024

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Otorhinolaryngology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Speech and Hearing

Keywords

  • Neurodevelopmental disorders
  • Pandemic
  • Psychotropic prescribing
  • Swallowing

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