Outcome Measures in intellectual disability: A Review and narrative synthesis of validated instruments

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Abstract

Background
Outcome measurement is essential to determine the effectiveness of health interventions and improve the quality of services. The interplay of social, individual, and biological factors makes this a complex process in the psychiatry of people with intellectual disability (PwID).
Aim
Review of outcome measures which are validated in PwID
Methods
A PRISMA-guided review was conducted, using a predefined criteria and a relevant word combination on four databases: EMBASE, Medline, CINAHL and PsycINFO. Each included study was examined for relevance to intellectual disability psychiatry. The psychometric data of each tool was critically assessed. Findings were narratively synthesised.
Results
Of 1,548 articles, 35 met the inclusion criteria. Several outcome measures were identified relevant to intellectual disability psychiatry, including tools for challenging/offending behavior, specific neurodevelopmental/clinical conditions such as ADHD, epilepsy, and dementia however, psychometric properties, validity and reliability varied considerably. The tools identified were largely clinician rated, with a dearth of measures suitable for completion by patients or their family carers.
Conclusion
Most outcome measures used for PwID lack suitable psychometric properties including validity or reliability for use within the ID population. Of importance, those with alternative expression or are non-verbal have been excluded from the research developing and reporting on measurement instruments. There is an underserved population who risk being left behind in the era of value-based medicine and increasing use of outcome measurement when assessing the effectiveness of healthcare interventions on individual and population levels. This is the first of its kind review in this area.
Original languageEnglish
JournalInternational Journal of Social Psychiatry
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 25 Oct 2024

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Psychiatry and Mental Health

Keywords

  • Intellectual disability
  • co-morbidity
  • health outcomes
  • neurodevelopmental disorders
  • outcome measures

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