Numerical modelling of glacial lake outburst floods using physically based dam-breach models

M. J. Westoby*, J. Brasington, N. F. Glasser, M. J. Hambrey, J. M. Reynolds, M. A.A.M. Hassan, A. Lowe

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

<jats:p>Abstract. The instability of moraine-dammed proglacial lakes creates the potential for catastrophic glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) in high-mountain regions. In this research, we use a unique combination of numerical dam-breach and two-dimensional hydrodynamic modelling, employed within a generalised likelihood uncertainty estimation (GLUE) framework, to quantify predictive uncertainty in model outputs associated with a reconstruction of the Dig Tsho failure in Nepal. Monte Carlo analysis was used to sample the model parameter space, and morphological descriptors of the moraine breach were used to evaluate model performance. Multiple breach scenarios were produced by differing parameter ensembles associated with a range of breach initiation mechanisms, including overtopping waves and mechanical failure of the dam face. The material roughness coefficient was found to exert a dominant influence over model performance. The downstream routing of scenario-specific breach hydrographs revealed significant differences in the timing and extent of inundation. A GLUE-based methodology for constructing probabilistic maps of inundation extent, flow depth, and hazard is presented and provides a useful tool for communicating uncertainty in GLOF hazard assessment. </jats:p>
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)171-199
Number of pages0
JournalEarth Surface Dynamics
Volume3
Issue number1
DOIs
Publication statusE-pub ahead of print - 16 Mar 2015

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