Improved metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and their application in catalytic CO₂ reduction: A review

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is one of the major greenhouse gases; its excess accumulation in the atmosphere can be converted into various hydrocarbons which can be further synthesized to produce valuable fuels, where it is used as a substitute for fuels and also chemical production can be enhanced which is used for industrial applications. Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are considered to be effective in their utility needs that are fulfilled where their application is proven to be important. MOFs are considered to be porous structures having better efficiency in the capture and conversion of CO₂. This review here focuses on understanding the concept of MOFs applied diversely in utilization for both electrocatalytic and photocatalytic conversion of CO₂. The MOFs have wide applicable characteristics in which they can be used for sustainable environmental techniques to be achieved. This systematic review helps us to understand the needs and demands derived from to use of MOFs to be used as a more effective catalyst for CO₂ reduction. MOFs are synthesized and prepared by various methods and they undergo structural modifications to improve better CO₂ adsorption. The electrocatalytic and photocatalytic conversion of CO₂ is mainly focused on understanding the utilization of MOFs. With their well-engineered pores and chemical compositions, high surface area, elevated CO₂ adsorption capability, and adjustable active sites, porous crystalline frameworks including MOFs are potential materials for catalytic CO₂ conversion. The significance of the conversion of CO₂ is carried out by utilizing numerous MOFs which are used for achieving a catalytic reduction process.