Finding Our Tempo: Exploring Embodied Synchrony Through Full-Body Play in Children

This study advances the design of timing-sensitive, full-body interactive experiences supporting both collaboration and individual agency in children’s group play. We investigate how temporal structuring within an improved version of a full-body interactive system influences behavioral and perceived synchrony among children aged 9–10. Prior research has often focused on dyads, required human facilitation, or neglected relationship between perceived and actual synchrony. Addressing these gaps, we conducted a multi-user study comparing synchronous and asynchronous interaction modes using system-logged behavioral data and self-reports. Results demonstrate the synchronous condition fosters higher user performance, tighter temporal coordination, and stronger perceptions of shared movement. In contrast, the asynchronous mode effectively disrupts unintended coordination, showing how timing design shapes interaction dynamics. Notably, identical movements are perceived as less uniform without temporal alignment. These findings highlight the potential of embodied systems to scaffold or inhibit synchrony through intentional design, supporting richer social engagement and inclusive group play.