Energy efficient cubical layered path planning algorithm (EECPPA) for acoustic UWSNs

In this paper, we purpose Energy Efficient logical Cubical layered Path Planning Algorithm (EECPPA) and Multiple Sink EECPPA (MSEECPPA) for acoustic 3D Under Water Sensor Networks (UWSNs). EECPPA and MSEECPPA algorithms are completely distributed and highly adoptive in their execution in logical divided 3D networks into multiple cubes. Proposed models are flexible during location variations of sensors and have excellent ability to reconfigure the size of the logical cubes within 3D cubical UWSNs. These multiple logical cubes play vital role in selection of multiple group leading nodes, called Cluster Heads (CHs). The iterative executional operation of EECPPA and MSEECPPAA is divided into three phases called; Network Dimensional Phase (NDP), Network Settling Phase (NSP) and Network Transmission Phase (NTP). In first phase, multiple cubical layers are constructed, in second leading nodes are selected near the reference point of logical cube's boundaries and in NTP actual communications of the nodes take place. MSEECPPA algorithm selects the suitable relaying nodes called multiple sinks to utilize the multi-hoping mechanism to increase the lifetime of longer distance nodes from the Base Station (BS). Extensive simulation experiments provide the encouraging findings that proposed models outperform the DBR routing protocol in successful packet delivery, less propagational delay and better network lifetime.