Ecotoxicology of active ingredients in changing marine environments

Active ingredients (AIs), including pesticides and pharmaceuticals, are
designed to have a specific mode-of-action (MoA) in target organisms. Despite this,
there is substantial evidence of their occurrence in marine environments having the
potential to impact non-target species with effects both as a result of, and
independent from, their MoA. Furthermore, due to a large proportion of AIs being
readily ionisable, there is growing evidence that their uptake and effects are sensitive
to environmental parameters such as pH, which can be driven by changes in pCO2,
both in natural cycles and as a consequence of anthropogenic activities.
In this thesis I investigate the impacts of 5 common active ingredient
contaminants: the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine; the non-steroidal
anti-inflammatory drugs ibuprofen and diclofenac; and the neonicotinoid pesticides
imidacloprid and thiamethoxam; on marine invertebrates and investigate aspects
such as bioconcentration, effects, and the sensitivity of these organisms to these
compounds under changing pCO2-driven pH conditions