Developing Human-Autonomy Teaming Strategies for Maritime Cyber Security Resilience in Uncrewed Autonomous and Remote Surface Vessel Operations

The development of new technologies and digital capabilities for Uncrewed Autonomous and Remote Surface Vessel Operations (UARSVO) is driven by various industry stakeholders. This evolution impacts the maritime industry's human role, transforming from Human-Autonomy Hybrid (HAH) to Human-Autonomy Teaming (HAT). Human-Autonomy Collaboration (HAC) is vital for maritime safety, security, and sustainability, particularly in light of increasing cyber incidents in remote operations, which necessitates greater cyber resilience due to technology at sea and ashore. This paper aims to provide a holistic socio-technical approach to investigate and present an overview of the current state-of-the-art research, focusing on the human perspective in maritime cyber resilience for UARSVO. The view is developed using 76 semi-structured interviews with participants from various stakeholder groups across the Maritime Autonomous Surface Vessel (MASS) industry worldwide. Findings provide unique, holistic, and human-centred operational strategies for maritime cyber resilience, as well as the perceived training required to enhance these operations.