Design, Validation, and Field Testing of a Reconfigurable Holographic Metasurface-Enabled System for Magnetic Beamforming and Steering in Wireless Power Transfer for Electric Vehicles

Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) for electric vehicles (EVs) is a transformative technology that accelerates EV adoption and enhances charging convenience. However, existing wireless charging systems suffer from inefficiencies and require precise alignment between the transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx), leading to energy losses and extended charging times. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a reconfigurable WPT system utilizing a holographic metasurface for dynamic magnetic beam forming. The system comprises planar coil Tx and Rx, along with a metasurface consisting of 20 × 6 reconfigurable coil elements. By dynamically adjusting the surface impedance, the metasurface enables precise magnetic beam steering, significantly improving alignment tolerance. Designed for the 950 MHz WPT standard, our system achieves approximately ±175 mm misalignment correction, as validated through experimental measurements on a commercial SUV, demonstrating a substantial enhancement in power transfer efficiency (PTE).