Data report: X-ray fluorescence scanning of sediment cores, IODP Expedition 390/393 Site U1561, South Atlantic Transect

The western South Atlantic Ocean is a relatively understudied area of the world’s ocean, in part because of the lack of scientific ocean drilling and complete sedimentary sequences. During 2020–2022, a series of International Ocean Discovery Program Expeditions (390C, 395E, 390, and 393; South Atlantic Transect) sailed to this area, recovering material from the western flank of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at a latitude of ~31°S. Here, we used X-ray fluorescence scanning of the sediment cores recovered and combined the data with shipboard magnetic susceptibility and natural gamma radiation to generate long-term geochemical records at Site U1561. These records enable us to document climatic and environmental perturbations on varying timescales and explore the paleoclimatic and paleoceanographic history of the western South Atlantic Ocean during the Cenozoic.