Bridging the gap: Exploring the potential of virtual reality for supporting autistic individuals in interview and recruitment processes through a realist review

The aim of this realist review was to systematically analyse the peer-reviewed academic literature, reports and blogs to determine: (1) the mechanisms and contexts by which recruitment and early employment experiences lead to poor outcomes for autistic adults, and (2) how a Virtual Reality (VR) intervention might lead to positive outcomes within the recruitment and early employment experiences for autistic adults. Throughout, we worked with a PPIE group of autistic people who were fully involved in the realist synthesis process. We identified challenges across the employment journey including limited vocational guidance and employment readiness support, exclusionary job descriptions, and traditional interviews that disproportionately favour neurotypical social behaviours. These issues were further compounded by disclosure anxiety and lack of workplace adjustments. We also identified factors relevant to the development of VR scenarios: (1) the provision of tailored clear job information (2) structured interview preparation experience tailored to the role, and (3) materials to foster supportive workplace practices. Findings highlighted that holistic VR scenarios for employers and employees should include material to promote self-advocacy, build social skills, and address sensory challenges. VR scenarios would likely help autistic people practise and improve their ability to undertake job interviews and work-related tasks while promoting understanding and empathy amongst neurotypical work colleagues. Using the findings of this realist review, we considered the implications for the co-creation of a VR package that can prepare autistic individuals for employment, help educate employers and foster a more inclusive and supportive workplace environment.