Associations between injecting illicit drugs into the femoral vein and deep vein thrombosis: A case control study

Nat M.J. Wright; Victoria Allgar; Charlotte N.E. Tompkins

doi:10.1111/dar.12359

Associations between injecting illicit drugs into the femoral vein and deep vein thrombosis: A case control study

Nat M.J. Wright, Victoria Allgar, Charlotte N.E. Tompkins

Peninsula Medical School

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

AbstractIntroduction and AimsInjecting drug use is a risk factor for deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and people who inject drugs commonly report injecting into the femoral vein. However, it is unclear whether the act of inserting a needle into the femoral vein or the pharmacodynamic properties of the injected drug increases DVT risk. We aimed to quantify the strength of association between injecting illicit drugs into the femoral vein and the odds of acquiring ileo‐femoral DVT.Design and MethodsWe used case control methodology. The study took place in Leeds, UK. A total of 313 people who inject drugs (112 ‘cases’ with a diagnosis of DVT from hospital accident and emergency departments and 201 ‘controls’ with no DVT from needle exchanges) completed a questionnaire about their drug use and administration routes.ResultsThe act of injecting into the femoral vein was strongly associated with DVT (χ2(1) = 53.453, P < 0.001), a finding that remained significant after adjusting for the type of illicit drug injected, age, gender, smoking status and history of clotting disorder. Independent of the act of femoral vein injecting, after adjusting for the effects of potential confounders, crack cocaine use was significantly associated with DVT, whereas amphetamine and heroin use were negatively independently associated with DVT.ConclusionsThe practice of injecting into the femoral vein in the groin and the practice of injecting crack cocaine are associated with the odds of acquiring ileo‐femoral DVT. [Wright NMJ, Allgar V, Tompkins CNE. Associations between injecting illicit drugs into the femoral vein and deep vein thrombosis: A case control study. Drug Alcohol Rev 2016;35:605–610]

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	605-610
Number of pages	0
Journal	Drug and Alcohol Review
Volume	35
Issue number	5
Early online date	7 Dec 2015
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.12359
Publication status	Published - Sept 2016

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@article{06003fc1bb1945398eba30a327878595,

title = "Associations between injecting illicit drugs into the femoral vein and deep vein thrombosis: A case control study",

abstract = "AbstractIntroduction and AimsInjecting drug use is a risk factor for deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and people who inject drugs commonly report injecting into the femoral vein. However, it is unclear whether the act of inserting a needle into the femoral vein or the pharmacodynamic properties of the injected drug increases DVT risk. We aimed to quantify the strength of association between injecting illicit drugs into the femoral vein and the odds of acquiring ileo‐femoral DVT.Design and MethodsWe used case control methodology. The study took place in Leeds, UK. A total of 313 people who inject drugs (112 {\textquoteleft}cases{\textquoteright} with a diagnosis of DVT from hospital accident and emergency departments and 201 {\textquoteleft}controls{\textquoteright} with no DVT from needle exchanges) completed a questionnaire about their drug use and administration routes.ResultsThe act of injecting into the femoral vein was strongly associated with DVT (χ2(1) = 53.453, P < 0.001), a finding that remained significant after adjusting for the type of illicit drug injected, age, gender, smoking status and history of clotting disorder. Independent of the act of femoral vein injecting, after adjusting for the effects of potential confounders, crack cocaine use was significantly associated with DVT, whereas amphetamine and heroin use were negatively independently associated with DVT.ConclusionsThe practice of injecting into the femoral vein in the groin and the practice of injecting crack cocaine are associated with the odds of acquiring ileo‐femoral DVT. [Wright NMJ, Allgar V, Tompkins CNE. Associations between injecting illicit drugs into the femoral vein and deep vein thrombosis: A case control study. Drug Alcohol Rev 2016;35:605–610]",

author = "Wright, {Nat M.J.} and Victoria Allgar and Tompkins, {Charlotte N.E.}",

year = "2016",

month = sep,

doi = "10.1111/dar.12359",

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journal = "Drug and Alcohol Review",

issn = "0959-5236",

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T1 - Associations between injecting illicit drugs into the femoral vein and deep vein thrombosis: A case control study

AU - Wright, Nat M.J.

AU - Allgar, Victoria

AU - Tompkins, Charlotte N.E.

PY - 2016/9

Y1 - 2016/9

N2 - AbstractIntroduction and AimsInjecting drug use is a risk factor for deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and people who inject drugs commonly report injecting into the femoral vein. However, it is unclear whether the act of inserting a needle into the femoral vein or the pharmacodynamic properties of the injected drug increases DVT risk. We aimed to quantify the strength of association between injecting illicit drugs into the femoral vein and the odds of acquiring ileo‐femoral DVT.Design and MethodsWe used case control methodology. The study took place in Leeds, UK. A total of 313 people who inject drugs (112 ‘cases’ with a diagnosis of DVT from hospital accident and emergency departments and 201 ‘controls’ with no DVT from needle exchanges) completed a questionnaire about their drug use and administration routes.ResultsThe act of injecting into the femoral vein was strongly associated with DVT (χ2(1) = 53.453, P < 0.001), a finding that remained significant after adjusting for the type of illicit drug injected, age, gender, smoking status and history of clotting disorder. Independent of the act of femoral vein injecting, after adjusting for the effects of potential confounders, crack cocaine use was significantly associated with DVT, whereas amphetamine and heroin use were negatively independently associated with DVT.ConclusionsThe practice of injecting into the femoral vein in the groin and the practice of injecting crack cocaine are associated with the odds of acquiring ileo‐femoral DVT. [Wright NMJ, Allgar V, Tompkins CNE. Associations between injecting illicit drugs into the femoral vein and deep vein thrombosis: A case control study. Drug Alcohol Rev 2016;35:605–610]

AB - AbstractIntroduction and AimsInjecting drug use is a risk factor for deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and people who inject drugs commonly report injecting into the femoral vein. However, it is unclear whether the act of inserting a needle into the femoral vein or the pharmacodynamic properties of the injected drug increases DVT risk. We aimed to quantify the strength of association between injecting illicit drugs into the femoral vein and the odds of acquiring ileo‐femoral DVT.Design and MethodsWe used case control methodology. The study took place in Leeds, UK. A total of 313 people who inject drugs (112 ‘cases’ with a diagnosis of DVT from hospital accident and emergency departments and 201 ‘controls’ with no DVT from needle exchanges) completed a questionnaire about their drug use and administration routes.ResultsThe act of injecting into the femoral vein was strongly associated with DVT (χ2(1) = 53.453, P < 0.001), a finding that remained significant after adjusting for the type of illicit drug injected, age, gender, smoking status and history of clotting disorder. Independent of the act of femoral vein injecting, after adjusting for the effects of potential confounders, crack cocaine use was significantly associated with DVT, whereas amphetamine and heroin use were negatively independently associated with DVT.ConclusionsThe practice of injecting into the femoral vein in the groin and the practice of injecting crack cocaine are associated with the odds of acquiring ileo‐femoral DVT. [Wright NMJ, Allgar V, Tompkins CNE. Associations between injecting illicit drugs into the femoral vein and deep vein thrombosis: A case control study. Drug Alcohol Rev 2016;35:605–610]

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DO - 10.1111/dar.12359

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EP - 610

JO - Drug and Alcohol Review

JF - Drug and Alcohol Review

IS - 5

ER -

Associations between injecting illicit drugs into the femoral vein and deep vein thrombosis: A case control study

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