AI-Driven Life Cycle Valorisation of Deconstruction Waste: A DfD Framework for Developing Economies.

The annual Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW) generated by the global construction sector constitutes approximately 30–40% of worldwide solid waste, predominantly originating from structural demolitions. In developing nations such as Sri Lanka, a deficiency in knowledge and technical expertise impedes the implementation of Design for Deconstruction (DfD), despite its potential to foster circularity by treating buildings as sources of materials. This research explores how Artificial Intelligence (AI) could facilitate the practical application of circular design principles through an AI-enhanced DfD system that incorporates Digital Material Passports (DMPs) within Building Information Modelling (BIM) frameworks. This investigation employs a mixed-methods approach, including 59 survey responses from professionals in Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC), alongside expert interviews to accurately identify barriers to DfD and delineate opportunities for AI intervention. It also involves an extensive review of literature concerning AI, BIM, and digital circularity standards. The proposed implementation of AI encompasses: 1) Generative Design for Disassembly, aimed at automating modular, low-impact designs; 2) Predictive Material Intelligence to estimate residual material value; and 3) Automated Data Management utilising Natural Language Processing and Knowledge Graphs to address interoperability challenges between BIM and DMPs. The concept culminates in a Self-Optimising Circular Building, envisioned as a dynamic digital twin capable of providing autonomous design feedback, cost prediction, and material recovery planning. In practice, this initiative advances AI-enabled circular construction and offers a scalable framework for policymakers, designers, and technologists. The originality of this work lies in integrating empirical insights from a developing context with cutting-edge AI architectures, thereby delivering a viable model for sustainable and regenerative Built Environments.